TY - JOUR
T1 - Pharmacogenes associated with adverse reactions induced by second-generation antipsychotic drugs
T2 - A systematic review
AU - Alvarado-Vera, Erick A.
AU - Alvarado-Vera, César André
AU - Alvarado, Angel T.
AU - Bartra, María Saravia
AU - García, Jorge A.
AU - Bendezú, María R.
AU - Palomino-Jhong, Juan J.
AU - Chávez, Haydee
AU - Laos-Anchante, Doris
AU - Melgar-Merino, Elizabeth J.
AU - Cuba-García, Pompeyo A.
AU - Yarasca-Carlos, Paulina Eliades
AU - Pariona-Llanos, Ricardo
AU - Sagástegui-Guarniz, William
AU - Maguiña Ignacio, Alvaro Erik
AU - Bolarte-Arteaga, Mario
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright Alvarado-Vera EA et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2025/11/20
Y1 - 2025/11/20
N2 - Pharmacogenes are specific genes that determine how an individual will respond to medication. Some of these genes have been linked to adverse reactions caused by second-generation antipsychotics. A literature search was conducted using relevant terms across the PubMed, CTG Studies, and Scopus databases. The included articles examined pharmacogenes associated with adverse reactions induced by second-generation antipsychotics. The articles were published between 2015 and 2025. A total of 12 observational studies were included. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251035803). The studies demonstrated an association of CYP1A2 with adverse reactions induced by aripiprazole (p < 0.035), clozapine (p = 0.009, p = 0.042, and p = 0.046), and olanzapine (p < 0.05). CYP2C19 was associated with clozapine-induced metabolic syndrome (p < 0.01). CYP3A4 was associated with clozapine-induced hyperglycemia (χ2 = 0.1), and CYP3A5 was associated with quetiapine (p < 0.007). CYP2D6 was linked to adverse reactions induced by clozapine (p = 0.039), olanzapine (p = 0.047), risperidone (p = 0.021 and p = 0.02), and quetiapine (p = 0.003). This review shows that certain allelic variants of pharmacogenes are associated with adverse reactions to second-generation antipsychotics. This finding applies to patients with impaired metabolism. We recommend conducting longitudinal multicenter studies before promoting allelic variants of pharmacogenes as predictive biomarkers.
AB - Pharmacogenes are specific genes that determine how an individual will respond to medication. Some of these genes have been linked to adverse reactions caused by second-generation antipsychotics. A literature search was conducted using relevant terms across the PubMed, CTG Studies, and Scopus databases. The included articles examined pharmacogenes associated with adverse reactions induced by second-generation antipsychotics. The articles were published between 2015 and 2025. A total of 12 observational studies were included. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251035803). The studies demonstrated an association of CYP1A2 with adverse reactions induced by aripiprazole (p < 0.035), clozapine (p = 0.009, p = 0.042, and p = 0.046), and olanzapine (p < 0.05). CYP2C19 was associated with clozapine-induced metabolic syndrome (p < 0.01). CYP3A4 was associated with clozapine-induced hyperglycemia (χ2 = 0.1), and CYP3A5 was associated with quetiapine (p < 0.007). CYP2D6 was linked to adverse reactions induced by clozapine (p = 0.039), olanzapine (p = 0.047), risperidone (p = 0.021 and p = 0.02), and quetiapine (p = 0.003). This review shows that certain allelic variants of pharmacogenes are associated with adverse reactions to second-generation antipsychotics. This finding applies to patients with impaired metabolism. We recommend conducting longitudinal multicenter studies before promoting allelic variants of pharmacogenes as predictive biomarkers.
KW - adverse drug reactions
KW - biomarkers
KW - pharmacogenes
KW - poor metabolizers
KW - schizophrenia
KW - second-generation antipsychotics
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105035408503
U2 - 10.3897/pharmacia.72.e173102
DO - 10.3897/pharmacia.72.e173102
M3 - Artículo de revisión
AN - SCOPUS:105035408503
SN - 0428-0296
VL - 72
JO - Pharmacia
JF - Pharmacia
M1 - e173102
ER -