Factores de riesgo de complicaciones obstétricas en madres adolescentes

Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy increases the risk of obstetric and neonatal complications. Therefore, identifying associated risk factors is essential to implement effective prevention strategies and improve maternal health outcomes. Objective: To identify sociodemographic, anthropometric, obstetric, and clinical factors associated with obstetric complications in adolescent mothers treated at a public hospital. Methods: A retrospective, observational, and analytical case-control study was conducted. Medical records of 90 cases and 180 controls selected through simple random sampling were analyzed. Variables were assessed using bivariate analysis (chi-square test and trend test for ordinal variables) and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. Results: The risk factors significantly associated with obstetric complications were being a student (OR= 2.07; 95% CI: 1.09–3.91) and excessive gestational weight gain (OR= 2.22; 95% CI: 1.19– 4.15). In contrast, adequate gestational weight gain was identified as a protective factor (OR= 0.55; 95% CI: 0.34–0.87). Additionally, 15% of pregnancies resulted in preterm births (mean gestational age: 34.95 weeks), while 85% reached full term (mean: 38.63 weeks). Conclusion: Obstetric complications in adolescent mothers are influenced by multiple factors, including being a student and exceeding the recommended gestational weight gain. On the other hand, adequate weight gain during pregnancy showed a protective effect.