Defunción materna por hemorragia obstétrica y trastornos hipertensivos en Perú

Introduction: Maternal mortality is a priority for health in Peru. Objective: To analyze maternal death due to obstetric hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders in Peru. Methods: A longitudinal and observational study was carried out in Ica, Peru, during the period 2020-2023. Of the total 562 cases of maternal mortality, there was a sample of 556 cases during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, and 233 cases were attributed to obstetric hemorrhages and hypertensive disorders. The data were processed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 program, where statistic were the mean, median, percentage, relative and absolute frequency. Results: There was a minimum of 91 cases in 2023 and a maximum of 220 in 2021. The annual median was 125.5, and the mean was 141.5. A decreasing trend was observed since 2021. The distribution of maternal deaths fluctuated with a prevalence in the postpartum period: 2020 (59.3%); 2021 (58.4%); 2022 (58.5%), and 2023 (62.6%), respectively. In 2020, 27 cases were recorded due to obstetric hemorrhage (47%) and 31 due to hypertensive disorders (53%). In 2021, cases increased to 42 (53%) and 37 (47%) respectively; however, in 2022, they decreased to 29 (54%) and 25 (46%). In 2023, cases continued to decrease with a total of 42: obstetric hemorrhage (25.50%); hypertensive disorders (17.40%). Conclusions: Although there was a trend towards a decrease in maternal death between 2021 and 2023, it is necessary to address the main causes, such as obstetric hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders.