Characterization of Modified PID Controllers to Improve the Response Time of Angular Velocity to the Voltage Step in DC Motors by Means of a Mathematical Model Diagram Using SIMULINK Software

The objective of this research was the characterization of modified PID controllers to improve the response time of direct current (DC) motors. The Degem System EB-109 experimentation module (includes DC motor and six-pole pair synchronous motor), Tektronix TDS 2012 oscilloscope, Fluke 175 multimeter and a simulation environment for block diagrams with Simulink software were used. The procedure began by making voltage and current measurements in the armature of the DC motor in order to calculate its mechanical-electrical constants and obtain its mathematical model. Then, using block diagrams, a closed-loop control system was designed for the DC motor, using the PID as a control block in a first phase, and then in a second phase, the modified PID. The system was analyzed with simulation software and the results of both phases were compared. With the modified PID controller, a better speed and stability response time was obtained, thus eliminating transient peaks.